This work selected and characterized compositions and properties of three types of fatty acid⁃based and three types of fatty acid ester⁃based antiwear agents. Using hydrogenated diesel oil from Hebei Zhongjie Petrochemical Group Co.Ltd as testing model, the lubrication property and anti⁃emulsification capability of six types of antiwear agents were investigated. The results indicate that lubrication property gradually increases with the increasing content of antiwear agent. Monoglyceride antiwear agent shows the best lubrication property. The attrite speckle diameter of model diesel oil reduces from 734 μm to 345 μm, when the volume of Ester⁃type antiwear agent E is 200 mg/kg. Ester⁃type antiwear agent G has lower film formation capability and lubricating property because of lacking -OH polar group. Acid⁃type antiwear agent exhibits better anti⁃emulsification capability than ester⁃type agent with -OH hydrophilic group. Meanwhile, its anti⁃emulsification capability would get worse when HLB value goes up. Mixing the two materials of acid⁃type and ester⁃type antiwear agents can improve anti⁃emulsification capability of diesel oil, but has less impact on its lubricating property whether the agents are mixed or not.